Before the Neolithic
revolution every human kinda had the same job.
That is everyone was either a hunter or a gatherer. This lifestyle left
little time do anything other than look for food. It is no surprise that we know little about
this time, because there was no written language; there was no time to sit
around writing much less reading. After
some chump realized if you put seeds in the ground and food pops out, it revolutionized
the way we lived. People could settle
down, and stop chasing around buffalos and instead put fences around them and
call 'em cows. Since there was more food
to go around and we spent less time looking for it, some folks started
doing things other than food production.
We got some new jobs, like potters who made us bowls and cups, and
tanners who made us stylish leather jackets.
We got some not so great things like kings, and people who argued with
each other called politicians. The point
is we started specializing in doing other things.
Eventually we
had people thinking up new ways to do stuff.
These inventors helped society learn how to build wagons, forge metal,
and brew beer. Many of these thinkers
were brilliant beyond one area of invention or science. For example the Greek genius Archimedes invented
new ways of pumping water AND killing people.
Or take for example Leonardo da Vinci, who while creating masterpiece
works of art found time to invent an ancient calculator among other things.
We eventually got around to creating a new word for these men who seemed to know
everything, we called them Renaissance men.
It was even upheld as an ideal to strive for. Many of the American founders are considered
to be Renaissance men because of their broad spectrum of knowledge. Today, in our specialized world the Renaissance man is considered to be a thing of the past.
After all
the inventions, wars, and civilizations, human society and life still hadn't
changed much between the advent of agriculture and the American
Revolution. The majority of people still
spent most of their time farming. Horseback
was still the fastest way to get around.
This all changed after the dawn of machinery. Now instead of the plow and the ox, people
started using machines like tractors to farm the land. This meant that famers could grow more, and
tend larger farms. This ultimately
liberated the majority of humans from the fields and allowed even more people
the time to do things other than produce food.
In today's industrialized world less than five percent of the people actually farm.
With more
people doing things other than farming, society had enough people to specialize
even further. Instead of a tailors we
had factory workers. Eventually factory
workers had very specific jobs, such as putting the "knick" on the "knack." And even factories specialized into niches,
so instead of a factory making a whole car a factory might make only the seats
for the car. This idea of "hyper-specialization"
even found its way into academia. So
instead of having a natural philosopher we had scientist. Then instead of having just a scientist we
had specialized scientist like biologist.
Eventually we had specialized specialist like microbiologist. Even education was carved up into
segments. Instead of one teacher, a
child would have 7 and each would teach a different subject such as math,
science, and history. Since all
production had turned into some mindless hyperspecific job in a factory,
teaching children skills fell out of favor.
Now I am
not saying the specialization of society is bad, in fact I think the unprecedented
standard of living we enjoy is a result of it.
But, it is important to realize that life was not always like this. We also must realize that the
"hyperspecialization" of society is creating new problems that are
going unrecognized.
Modern
people work a lot. People spend most of
their waking time at their jobs. So it
would not be a stretch to say that your profession and what you do all day can
shape your perception of the world. In
the past when the majority of people were farmers, most everyone basically had the same world
view. In the 21st century there are a growing number of different types of jobs. With these new types of jobs comes with it new perspectives on the world. It is not hard to see that a professional football player wouldn't have a lot in common with a computer programer. The problem with this is that it is difficult to empathize with one another if we cannot relate with the struggles others go through
from day to day.
Let me give
an example of how we lack empathy today from some experiences in my life.
Most of the jobs I have had have been working
for the public. I have worked at a gas
station, a movie rental place, a sports store, and as a paramedic. Working for the public can be frustrating
because people can be hard to please, and everyone has different preferences. Another problem is that a lot of people will
take their frustrations out on the guy behind the cash register or the waiter
at the restaurant. Needless to say
working for the public is hard. I have
found that being around friends who have worked for the public are generally nicer to cashiers and waiters. I have also found that
people who are rude to waiters and cashiers have most times than not never
worked at a job where they served the public.
Specialization
in academia has created an environment of tension between professors of different areas
of specialization. The humanities
professors cannot stand the economics professors. To the humanities professor, society is about
emotions, and connections between people.
To the economic professor, society is about cold calculating
self-interest. Natural scientist collide
with philosophers. Natural scientist
believe that if something cannot be observed nor measured it cannot be believed,
and they also reject subjectivity. The philosophers
on the other hand point out that you cannot subjectively observe or measure
anything ever, and question the foundations of verificationism which itself
cannot be verified.
If we are
looking to the political world we see one that is becoming increasingly
contentious. Add the diverse number of
perspectives created by specialization with religious and social stratification
and you end up with a whole lot of people who don't see eye to eye.
So what can
we do? how do we fix this? I really don't know. I once believed the internet would become a
platform where people came together to work out their differences. It is, however, becoming apparent this is not
the case. Online communities segregate
into groups that isolate themselves from ideas and people that challenge their
cognitive biases. If anything the web is
increasing the cognitive stratification of society. I also believe through art like novels, movies, and video games we can expose people to the perspectives of others. But with the commercialization of media, movies and games have become more about explosions and gore than story. Though there are exceptions to this rule, I might expand upon that in another blog sometime.
If we are to ever heal the growing fault lines in our society it is to be through learning to listen to others and understanding where they are coming from.
If we are to ever heal the growing fault lines in our society it is to be through learning to listen to others and understanding where they are coming from.